1. Read Corey Chapter 14, 15. PAY ATTENTION TO TABLE 15.1 and 15.2  summarizes all the approaches
2. Read Wheeler Chapters 20, 21, 22
3. Read candice Knight and wheeler Chapters 4 & 9
4. Reply to the 2 peer post using APA 7 format with references within the past 5 years

Post 1

Looking at the reading this week especially in Corey chapter 15 looking at table 15.3 and 15.4 pick  4 out of all the therapies listed in these 2 tables and list 2 goals each and 2 therapeutic relationships they have from table 15.4.

1. Feminist Therapy

Corey (2021) suggests that feminist therapy aims to achieve change on both individual and societal levels. It empowers clients to break free from restrictive gender norms and assert their power. Simultaneously, it challenges established policies that perpetuate gender-based inequalities. Feminist therapists establish egalitarian client relationships, utilizing self-disclosure and education to deconstruct traditional power dynamics. This collaborative process encourages clients to become experts in their lives, fostering personal growth and social change.

1. Family System Therapy

Family systems therapy, an interactive and systemic approach, aims to achieve two key goals (Corey, 2021). First, it helps clients reframe their challenging behaviors as serving a function within the family system. Second, it educates family members about their unhealthy relationship patterns and guides them toward new ways of interacting. Therapists in this model adopt multiple roles, including teacher, coach, model, and consultant, empowering families to identify and break free from destructive generational patterns.

1. Behaviour therapy

In behavior therapy, the primary goals are to eliminate maladaptive behaviors and replace them with healthier alternatives (Corey, 2021). Additionally, the therapist works with the client to identify the factors influencing their behavior and develop strategies to address problematic patterns. The therapist’s active role characterizes the therapeutic relationship as a teacher and mentor, while the client actively participates and is willing to experiment with new behaviors.

1. Alderian Therapy

In Adlerian therapy, two key goals are identified (Corey, 2021). The first goal is to challenge clients’ existing assumptions about their life goals, and the second is to encourage and support them in developing more socially beneficial goals that foster a sense of community and belonging. The therapeutic relationship in Adlerian therapy is characterized by collaboration, respect, and equality between the therapist and client. Together, they explore, uncover, and address mistaken goals and unhelpful beliefs hindering the client’s personal growth and well-being.

From all the psychotherapy styles we have been reading for adults pick 1 and discuss briefly how you would alter your techniques when treating children

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), a prominent approach in contemporary behavior therapy, combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to address current client problems (Corey, 2021). While CBT is adaptable to diverse populations, its application to children and adolescents presents unique challenges. The core component of CBT, changing thoughts and emotions to influence behavior, can be challenging for younger clients due to their varying language and cognitive development (Halder et al., 2019). To overcome this, therapists may employ non-verbal methods such as play therapy, adapting techniques to suit the child’s abilities (Keelan, 2022). Additionally, parental involvement is crucial in CBT with children, as parents significantly influence their child’s behavior and provide valuable insights for the therapist (Keelan, 2022).

Discuss the needs of senior adults and how therapy may need a different delivery than other adults.

Knight and Wheeler (2020) emphasize that therapy for seniors necessitates adjustments compared to younger adults due to potential age-related challenges. These may include physical and sensory impairments, like diminished eyesight or hearing, and cognitive decline affecting speech and response time. Therapists must exercise patience and recognize seniors’ wealth of experiences, adapting their communication approach accordingly.

Are there senior adults that would not benefit from therapy if you think there are list some examples and explain why and if not explain why?

Research suggests that counseling can be as effective for seniors as it is for younger populations, particularly in treating anxiety and depression (Jahantigh et al., 2021). This highlights the potential benefits of therapy for older adults. However, fulfilling social needs is also crucial for seniors’ mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Social deprivation can lead to loneliness and isolation, common issues in this age group (Jahantigh et al., 2021).

Despite the potential benefits, some seniors may not be suitable for therapy due to the emotional demands of confronting difficult experiences and thoughts (Dehnavi et al., 2020). Additionally, behavioral issues like irritability and memory problems can pose challenges (Jahantigh et al., 2021). Moreover, many older adults mistakenly believe that depression and anxiety are standard parts of aging, discouraging them from seeking help and potentially hindering therapy’s effectiveness (Dehnavi et al., 2020). Practical obstacles like lack of transportation or social support can also limit access to treatment for some seniors.

References: 

Corey, G. (2021). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (10th ed.). Cengage.

Dehnavi, S., Tavakoli, G., & Montajabian, Z. (2020). The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on pain perception and death anxiety in the elderly, Aging Psychology, 5(2), 321-332. https://doi.org/10.22126/JAP.2020.5456.1436Links to an external site.

Halder, S., & Mahato, A. K. (2019). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Challenges and Gaps in Practice. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 41(3), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_470_18Links to an external site.

Jahantigh, L., Latifi, Z., & Zaden, M. (2021). The effectiveness of self -healing education on the quality of life in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 7(4), 359-345. https://doi.org.10.22126/jap.2022.6911.1561

Keelan, P. (2022). CBT across the life span: How it works for clients of different ages. Dr. Patrick Keelan, Calgary Psychologist. Retrieved from https://drpatrickkeelan.com/psychology/cbt-across-the-life-span-how-it-works-for-clients-of-different-ages/#:~:text=Parents%20typically%20play%20a%20greater,to%20therapy%20by%20their%20parentsLinks to an external site..

Knight, C., & Wheeler, K. (2020). Case study approach to psychotherapy

Post 2

Following the completion of this week’s reading as well as combined previous module readings from Corey, 2020, the therapies selected for this discussion board are, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Family Systems Therapy.   

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy aims to help clients identify and change negative thought patterns, develop coping skills to manage stress and anxiety, and improve problem solving abilities and decision-making skills. This therapy relies on a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist where empathy and active listening from the therapist, mutual trust, and respect are essential components.  

In Person-Centered Therapy, the goals are to increase self-awareness and self-acceptance, foster personal growth and self-actualization, and enhance the client’s ability to live a more authentic life. The therapeutic relationships in this approach are characterized by unconditional positive regard, empathetic understanding, and genuineness and authenticity from the therapist. 

Psychodynamic Therapy focuses on helping clients gain insight into unconscious conflicts and their impact on behavior, resolve past traumas and emotional issues, and improve interpersonal relationships and emotional regulation. Key aspects of the therapeutic relationship in psychodynamic therapy include understanding transference and countertransference dynamics, providing a consistent and reliable therapeutic presence, and creating a safe environment free of judgement.  

Family Systems Therapy aims to improve communication and problem-solving within the family, address and resolve family conflicts and dysfunctions, and enhance family cohesion and support. The therapeutic relationships in this therapy involve respecting each family member’s perspective, taking a collaborative and inclusive approach, and maintaining neutrality and impartiality.  

Altering Techniques for Treating Children 

When treating children with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, the techniques need to be adapted to suit their unique developmental level. One way to alter techniques is through communication. Simplified language is crucial; therapists should use age-appropriate terms to explain concepts. Additionally, integrating play therapy techniques can engage children more effectively. For instance, a therapist can use activities like puppets or dolls to help patients better express their feelings and thoughts (Wheeler, 2021). Additionally, involving parents or caregivers in the therapy process is crucial as it reinforces strategies and provides support at home, ensuring that the child’s progress continues outside the therapy sessions. 

Needs of Senior Adults and Therapy Delivery  

Senior adults have unique needs as well that must be addressed in therapy, such as the need for life review, addressing grief and loss, and accommodating cognitive and physical health issues (Boland & Verduin, 2022). Life review can be facilitated through reminiscence therapy, where seniors recall and process significant life events. Also, addressing grief and loss is crucial as seniors often face the deaths of loved ones and changes in their own health, thereby requiring a space to mourn and develop coping strategies.  

Accommodating cognitive and physical health issues involves adjusting therapy sessions to be shorter or including more frequent breaks and using memory aids or visual cues to support comprehension. Therapy sessions may need to be shorter and slower paced to accommodate cognitive decline or fatigue. For instance, a 30-minute session with more time for processing and responding would be more suitable for this population. 

 Ensuring the physical environment is accessible and comfortable, like ensuring the room is on the ground floor, and there are walkable pathways. Using an integrative approach which includes combining psychotherapy with practical support for daily living and medical issues, can be highly beneficial. Collaborating with healthcare providers and involving family members or caregivers in the therapy process can provide a holistic approach. 

Seniors Who May Not Benefit from Therapy  

While most seniors can benefit from therapy, there are specific situations where traditional therapy may be less effective. Seniors with severe cognitive impairment, such as advanced dementia, may not benefit from traditional talk therapy due to limited engagement and retention of therapeutic interventions. Alternative approaches like music therapy, art therapy, or sensory stimulation activities might be more appropriate for these patients. Furthermore, seniors with severe untreated physical illnesses could find it challenging to prioritize mental health therapy as ambulation could prove to be painful and difficult (Wheeler, 2021).  

Integrative care that combines physical and mental health treatments, initially focusing on managing physical health issues to stabilize the client, may be more appropriate. In these cases, therapy might need to be significantly adapted, or alternative forms of support should be considered, ensuring the individual receives the most appropriate care (Corey, 2020).  

References  

Corey, G. (2020). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (10th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN-13: 978-0357671429 ISBN-10: 0357671422 

Boland, R., & Verduin, M. (2022). Kaplan and Sadock’s concise textbook of clinical psychiatry (5th ed.). LWW. ISBN-13: 978-1975167486 ISBN-10: 1975167481 

Wheeler, K. (2021). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice(3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company. ISBN-13: 978-0826193797 ISBN-10: 082619379X 

1. Read Corey Chapter 14, 15. PAY ATTENTION TO TABLE 15.1 and 15.2  summarizes all the approaches
2. Read Wheeler Chapters 20, 21, 22
3. Read candice Knight and wheeler Chapters 4 & 9
4. Reply to the 2 peer post using APA 7 format with references within the past 5 years

Post 1

Looking at the reading this week especially in Corey chapter 15 looking at table 15.3 and 15.4 pick  4 out of all the therapies listed in these 2 tables and list 2 goals each and 2 therapeutic relationships they have from table 15.4.

1. Feminist Therapy

Corey (2021) suggests that feminist therapy aims to achieve change on both individual and societal levels. It empowers clients to break free from restrictive gender norms and assert their power. Simultaneously, it challenges established policies that perpetuate gender-based inequalities. Feminist therapists establish egalitarian client relationships, utilizing self-disclosure and education to deconstruct traditional power dynamics. This collaborative process encourages clients to become experts in their lives, fostering personal growth and social change.

1. Family System Therapy

Family systems therapy, an interactive and systemic approach, aims to achieve two key goals (Corey, 2021). First, it helps clients reframe their challenging behaviors as serving a function within the family system. Second, it educates family members about their unhealthy relationship patterns and guides them toward new ways of interacting. Therapists in this model adopt multiple roles, including teacher, coach, model, and consultant, empowering families to identify and break free from destructive generational patterns.

1. Behaviour therapy

In behavior therapy, the primary goals are to eliminate maladaptive behaviors and replace them with healthier alternatives (Corey, 2021). Additionally, the therapist works with the client to identify the factors influencing their behavior and develop strategies to address problematic patterns. The therapist’s active role characterizes the therapeutic relationship as a teacher and mentor, while the client actively participates and is willing to experiment with new behaviors.

1. Alderian Therapy

In Adlerian therapy, two key goals are identified (Corey, 2021). The first goal is to challenge clients’ existing assumptions about their life goals, and the second is to encourage and support them in developing more socially beneficial goals that foster a sense of community and belonging. The therapeutic relationship in Adlerian therapy is characterized by collaboration, respect, and equality between the therapist and client. Together, they explore, uncover, and address mistaken goals and unhelpful beliefs hindering the client’s personal growth and well-being.

From all the psychotherapy styles we have been reading for adults pick 1 and discuss briefly how you would alter your techniques when treating children

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), a prominent approach in contemporary behavior therapy, combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to address current client problems (Corey, 2021). While CBT is adaptable to diverse populations, its application to children and adolescents presents unique challenges. The core component of CBT, changing thoughts and emotions to influence behavior, can be challenging for younger clients due to their varying language and cognitive development (Halder et al., 2019). To overcome this, therapists may employ non-verbal methods such as play therapy, adapting techniques to suit the child’s abilities (Keelan, 2022). Additionally, parental involvement is crucial in CBT with children, as parents significantly influence their child’s behavior and provide valuable insights for the therapist (Keelan, 2022).

Discuss the needs of senior adults and how therapy may need a different delivery than other adults.

Knight and Wheeler (2020) emphasize that therapy for seniors necessitates adjustments compared to younger adults due to potential age-related challenges. These may include physical and sensory impairments, like diminished eyesight or hearing, and cognitive decline affecting speech and response time. Therapists must exercise patience and recognize seniors’ wealth of experiences, adapting their communication approach accordingly.

Are there senior adults that would not benefit from therapy if you think there are list some examples and explain why and if not explain why?

Research suggests that counseling can be as effective for seniors as it is for younger populations, particularly in treating anxiety and depression (Jahantigh et al., 2021). This highlights the potential benefits of therapy for older adults. However, fulfilling social needs is also crucial for seniors’ mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Social deprivation can lead to loneliness and isolation, common issues in this age group (Jahantigh et al., 2021).

Despite the potential benefits, some seniors may not be suitable for therapy due to the emotional demands of confronting difficult experiences and thoughts (Dehnavi et al., 2020). Additionally, behavioral issues like irritability and memory problems can pose challenges (Jahantigh et al., 2021). Moreover, many older adults mistakenly believe that depression and anxiety are standard parts of aging, discouraging them from seeking help and potentially hindering therapy’s effectiveness (Dehnavi et al., 2020). Practical obstacles like lack of transportation or social support can also limit access to treatment for some seniors.

References: 

Corey, G. (2021). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (10th ed.). Cengage.

Dehnavi, S., Tavakoli, G., & Montajabian, Z. (2020). The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on pain perception and death anxiety in the elderly, Aging Psychology, 5(2), 321-332. https://doi.org/10.22126/JAP.2020.5456.1436Links to an external site.

Halder, S., & Mahato, A. K. (2019). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Challenges and Gaps in Practice. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 41(3), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_470_18Links to an external site.

Jahantigh, L., Latifi, Z., & Zaden, M. (2021). The effectiveness of self -healing education on the quality of life in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 7(4), 359-345. https://doi.org.10.22126/jap.2022.6911.1561

Keelan, P. (2022). CBT across the life span: How it works for clients of different ages. Dr. Patrick Keelan, Calgary Psychologist. Retrieved from https://drpatrickkeelan.com/psychology/cbt-across-the-life-span-how-it-works-for-clients-of-different-ages/#:~:text=Parents%20typically%20play%20a%20greater,to%20therapy%20by%20their%20parentsLinks to an external site..

Knight, C., & Wheeler, K. (2020). Case study approach to psychotherapy

Post 2

Following the completion of this week’s reading as well as combined previous module readings from Corey, 2020, the therapies selected for this discussion board are, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Family Systems Therapy.   

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy aims to help clients identify and change negative thought patterns, develop coping skills to manage stress and anxiety, and improve problem solving abilities and decision-making skills. This therapy relies on a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist where empathy and active listening from the therapist, mutual trust, and respect are essential components.  

In Person-Centered Therapy, the goals are to increase self-awareness and self-acceptance, foster personal growth and self-actualization, and enhance the client’s ability to live a more authentic life. The therapeutic relationships in this approach are characterized by unconditional positive regard, empathetic understanding, and genuineness and authenticity from the therapist. 

Psychodynamic Therapy focuses on helping clients gain insight into unconscious conflicts and their impact on behavior, resolve past traumas and emotional issues, and improve interpersonal relationships and emotional regulation. Key aspects of the therapeutic relationship in psychodynamic therapy include understanding transference and countertransference dynamics, providing a consistent and reliable therapeutic presence, and creating a safe environment free of judgement.  

Family Systems Therapy aims to improve communication and problem-solving within the family, address and resolve family conflicts and dysfunctions, and enhance family cohesion and support. The therapeutic relationships in this therapy involve respecting each family member’s perspective, taking a collaborative and inclusive approach, and maintaining neutrality and impartiality.  

Altering Techniques for Treating Children 

When treating children with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, the techniques need to be adapted to suit their unique developmental level. One way to alter techniques is through communication. Simplified language is crucial; therapists should use age-appropriate terms to explain concepts. Additionally, integrating play therapy techniques can engage children more effectively. For instance, a therapist can use activities like puppets or dolls to help patients better express their feelings and thoughts (Wheeler, 2021). Additionally, involving parents or caregivers in the therapy process is crucial as it reinforces strategies and provides support at home, ensuring that the child’s progress continues outside the therapy sessions. 

Needs of Senior Adults and Therapy Delivery  

Senior adults have unique needs as well that must be addressed in therapy, such as the need for life review, addressing grief and loss, and accommodating cognitive and physical health issues (Boland & Verduin, 2022). Life review can be facilitated through reminiscence therapy, where seniors recall and process significant life events. Also, addressing grief and loss is crucial as seniors often face the deaths of loved ones and changes in their own health, thereby requiring a space to mourn and develop coping strategies.  

Accommodating cognitive and physical health issues involves adjusting therapy sessions to be shorter or including more frequent breaks and using memory aids or visual cues to support comprehension. Therapy sessions may need to be shorter and slower paced to accommodate cognitive decline or fatigue. For instance, a 30-minute session with more time for processing and responding would be more suitable for this population. 

 Ensuring the physical environment is accessible and comfortable, like ensuring the room is on the ground floor, and there are walkable pathways. Using an integrative approach which includes combining psychotherapy with practical support for daily living and medical issues, can be highly beneficial. Collaborating with healthcare providers and involving family members or caregivers in the therapy process can provide a holistic approach. 

Seniors Who May Not Benefit from Therapy  

While most seniors can benefit from therapy, there are specific situations where traditional therapy may be less effective. Seniors with severe cognitive impairment, such as advanced dementia, may not benefit from traditional talk therapy due to limited engagement and retention of therapeutic interventions. Alternative approaches like music therapy, art therapy, or sensory stimulation activities might be more appropriate for these patients. Furthermore, seniors with severe untreated physical illnesses could find it challenging to prioritize mental health therapy as ambulation could prove to be painful and difficult (Wheeler, 2021).  

Integrative care that combines physical and mental health treatments, initially focusing on managing physical health issues to stabilize the client, may be more appropriate. In these cases, therapy might need to be significantly adapted, or alternative forms of support should be considered, ensuring the individual receives the most appropriate care (Corey, 2020).  

References  

Corey, G. (2020). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (10th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN-13: 978-0357671429 ISBN-10: 0357671422 

Boland, R., & Verduin, M. (2022). Kaplan and Sadock’s concise textbook of clinical psychiatry (5th ed.). LWW. ISBN-13: 978-1975167486 ISBN-10: 1975167481 

Wheeler, K. (2021). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice(3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company. ISBN-13: 978-0826193797 ISBN-10: 082619379X