1. According to the textbook, we tend to call something like a car or a student “good” when it
2. How do utilitarian and deontological views of “good character” compare with Aristotle’s view?
3. Who is the primary source for this chapter’s study of virtue ethics?
4. What did Aristotle suggest about feelings such as spite, envy and shamelessness?
5. Phronesis is the Greek term for which of Aristotle’s cardinal virtues:
6. The __________ objection to Aristotle’s philosophy says that virtue ethics does not provide us with adequate direction for making or evaluating moral choices.
7. Drew is a person who always tries to make practically wise choices. What would NOT characterize these choices according to an Aristotelian?
8. The cardinal virtues that Aristotle claims are crucial to living a flourishing life are
9. One of the fundamental questions asked by virtue ethicists is
10. Lawrence, a philosophy student, doubts the very notion that there are such things as good character traits. His view may be similar to the view known as __________.
11. Aristotle states that if we ask what the highest good is,
12. The personal qualities that enable an individual to live a good life and flourish as a human being are known as __________.
13. To live a good life and be the sort of people we ought to be, we need to develop a virtuous character that
14. Aristotle defines a virtue as a(n) __________ that requires __________.
15. Aristotle is one of the most important figures in Western history because he accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:
16. In The Nicomachean Ethics, how does Aristotle begin his inquiry into ethics?
17. The “self-centeredness” objection to virtue ethics says that the focus of morality should be on
18. A common, modern definition of happiness includes feeling good or attaining personal satisfaction. However, Aristotle’s particular meaning of happiness is “having a life that is __________.”
19. With which of the following statements would an Aristotelian most AGREE?
20. Which of the following is probably the LEAST necessary character trait needed to be a good clinical nurse?
1. Late one night over coffee, Ali and James get into a meandering conversation about the meaning and nature of love, whether anyone can ever truly love anyone else. What kind of judgments would the issues raised in this conversation be BEST described as?
2. Victor assumes that each individual is primarily concerned with his or her own benefit. Victor’s assumption is a form of __________.
3. Nafi, a cultural anthropologist, believes that at least some moral truths are independent of the values and beliefs of any particular culture or individual. What is the term for Nafi’s belief?
4. With what does the major moral theory known as utilitarianism primarily concern itself?
5. Paulette is a philosopher who is trying to evaluate the strength of a major moral theory. As such, which of the following questions is Paulette LEAST likely to ask about the theory?
6. The author suggests that a statement like, “Who am I to judge what is right or wrong for someone else?” MOST often implies that
7. How does the author propose that Glaukon’s shepherd and Bill Murray’s Groundhog Day character are alike?
8. According to the textbook, how do each of us live out answers to Socrates’s essential question?
9. To which category do arguments regarding the morality of topics like abortion and eating animals belong?
10. With what does the major moral theory known as virtue ethics primarily concern itself?
11. According to Glaukon in “The Ring of the Gyges,” people are naturally
12. Which of the following ideas do Glaukon and Nietzsche share?
13. Subjectivism differs from relativism in that it is __________ rather than __________.
14. According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of
15. Suppose a society believes that throwing an innocent boy into a volcano will keep the volcano from erupting—and therefore save hundreds of lives. What variety of utilitarian thought does this action represent?
16. “Respect for persons” is the basis of a common objection to utilitarianism. The argument states that a utilitarian does not adequately respect the dignity and rights of the individual. Which of the following stories from this text BEST reflects that objection?
17. Utilitarianism claims that morally right actions, policies, or laws are those whose consequences have the greatest positive value and least negative value __________.
18. What is the BEST meaning of the term “the irreducible plurality of values”?
19. What would not be a utilitarian argument on same-sex couples being allowed to marry?
20. Allen is a critic of utilitarianism. Of the following sentences, which is LEAST likely to factor into his critique?
21. If someone were to question the value of scientific research on utilitarian grounds, which of the following would be the likeliest reason?
22. What does the utilitarian mean by the term “wrong actions”?
23. Why does Mill call utilitarianism a “more profoundly religious [doctrine] than any other”?
24. All of the following can make it difficult to calculate an action’s utility EXCEPT
25. Kathleen is a girls’ soccer coach who lies now and then to her young team in order to keep up their spirits and guarantee they have fun, even if they are not the best players in the league. Kathleen’s lying could be an example of utilitarian __________.
26. Which of the following would be an expression of rule utilitarianism rather than act utilitarianism?
27. What is the most accurate term for the rules and regulations expressed in the United Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights?
28. The duty to always treat humanity as an end-in-itself and never as a mere means is a(n) __________.
29. A deontological moral theory regards the morality of actions as
30. According to Kant, respect for a person should be
31. In 2012, sports fans were saddened and outraged to learn that cycling superstar Lance Armstrong had used illegal performance-enhancing drugs for years. A deontologist would say that his actions were wrong because they
32. According to deontological ethics, duties are
33. Which of these statements is one way to express Kant’s Categorical Imperative?
34. How would a deontologist respond to the fact that human rights advocates often peacefully protest or even break civil laws that they think are unjust?
35. According to Immanuel Kant, which of these is the LEAST important to moral action?
36. Professor Donovan is a Kantian philosopher. Therefore, she argues that the true value of “a good will” lies in
37. Which of the following is a Kantian approach to helping a family in need?
38. For Kant, the respect we owe people has to do primarily with their __________.
39. The author suggests that, according to virtue ethics, the primary reason people think they ought to take certain actions and avoid others is more fundamental than merely respecting rules or producing the best consequences. Rather, that reason is
40. In The Nicomachean Ethics, how does Aristotle begin his inquiry into ethics?
41. Drew is a person who always tries to make practically wise choices. What would NOT characterize these choices according to an Aristotelian?
42. How do utilitarian and deontological views of “good character” compare with Aristotle’s view?
43. What did Aristotle suggest about feelings such as spite, envy and shamelessness?
44. One of the fundamental questions asked by virtue ethicists is
45. Aristotle is one of the most important figures in Western history because he accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:
46. Lawrence, a philosophy student, doubts the very notion that there are such things as good character traits. His view may be similar to the view known as __________.
47. Dianne lets her three children know they are loved and supported. She provides them with resources, models positive behavior, and within limits, lets them discover things for themselves. Dianne’s choices fulfill her social role of parent, which is tied to the Aristotelian notion of __________.
48. The text compares speed swimmer Michael Phelps’s diet to that of a Catholic monk during Lent. What point is the author illustrating through this comparison?
49. The personal qualities that enable an individual to live a good life and flourish as a human being are known as __________.
50. Which of the following is probably the LEAST necessary character trait needed to be a good clinical nurse?
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the three major moral theories?
2. In September 2017, Saudi Arabia granted its women the right to drive—the last country on earth to do so. Many people judged this as positive progress. What does this judgment imply about the idea of cultural relativism?
3. Between what two types of judgments does a dialectical conversation move?
4. Charlotte, a struggling single mother, sees a very wealthy man drop his wallet. Instead of informing him she keeps it and uses the money inside to buy some clothes and school supplies for her kids, but she feels guilty about doing that. How might an egoist of the sort Glaukon represents in his challenge explain her guilty feelings?
5. The text uses the metaphor of a house to explain the relationship between metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Which part of the house represents normative ethics?
6. According to Glaukon, if someone possessed Ring of Gyges, all of the following would be true EXCEPT:
7. Jewish law prescribes that their deceased be buried in a shroud (a tachrichim) in simple pine box with no metal parts. Muslims, however, do not bury their deceased in a casket, but rather in a shroud (a kafan) directly into an excavated grave oriented toward Mecca. The claim that each of these kinds of burial rites can be right would be an example of cultural __________.
8. Peyton and Vanessa are having an in-depth conversation about whether moral standards and concepts hold across cultures, or whether they are relative. What type of ethics are they considering?
9. Tim considers himself to be a moral skeptic. What, then, does Tim use to examine moral assumptions?
10.The egoist view is that moral standards are only good if they serve
11.Which of the following ideas do Glaukon and Nietzsche share?
12.During the Las Vegas massacre, there were people at an outdoor concert who risked their lives to help total strangers. When interviewed later, their common response was, “It was the right thing to do.” What is the term for this kind of deep-down sense of what is good and right?
13.Relativism is a way to acknowledge that much of what we value—and how we think we and others should act—has been significantly shaped by
14.Relativism is a way to acknowledge that much of what we value—and how we think we and others should act—has been significantly shaped by
15.Which of the following activities best illustrates the nature of a dialectical
16.Skepticism MOST closely falls under which branch of ethical theory?
17.Paulette is a philosopher who is trying to evaluate the strength of a major moral theory. As such, which of the following questions is Paulette LEAST likely to ask about the theory?
18.What is NOT one of the assumptions that may lead someone to avoid thinking critically about moral issues?
19.Samara is considering how she should handle the fact that her employer overpaid her on her last check. Should she say something? Will she have to give the money back? Will her employer find out, and if so, is it better if Samara raises the issue first? These issues with which Samara is grappling are best described as ___________ judgments.
20.To which category do arguments regarding the morality of topics like abortion and eating animals belong?
1. Immanuel Kant claims that the only thing that is moral without qualification is __________.
2. An action’s maxim is best understood as the
3. Xavier, a retail store owner, wants to always act from duty. Knowing this, which of the following sentiments is Xavier MOST likely to express?
4. Kantian theory says that people have a __________ duty to cultivate their talents.
5. What is one way Lilly can determine if her actions respect her friends as ends-in-themselves?
6. Some people claim that all Americans have a fundamental right to health care. What would a deontological thinker add to that claim, if it were true?
7. According to deontological ethics, duties are
8. For Kant, the respect we owe people has to do primarily with their __________.
9. In 2012, sports fans were saddened and outraged to learn that cycling superstar Lance Armstrong had used illegal performance-enhancing drugs for years. A deontologist would say that his actions were wrong because they
10. Professor Donovan is a Kantian philosopher. Therefore, she argues that the true value of “a good will” lies in
11. A deontological moral theory regards the morality of actions as
12. The duty to always treat humanity as an end-in-itself and never as a mere means is a(n) __________.
13. According to Kant, respect for a person should be
14. According to Kant, suicide is
15. Which of the following is a Kantian approach to helping a family in need?
16. What is the primary reason for conducting Kant’s “universalization test”?
17. What is the most accurate term for the rules and regulations expressed in the United Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights?
18. How would a deontologist respond to the fact that human rights advocates often peacefully protest or even break civil laws that they think are unjust?
19. According to Kant, what is the PRIMARY moral problem with making a false promise?
20. Agnes is a widow with disabilities in her late 60s. Due to these circumstances, she only has to pay half of her electricity and water bills. What would a deontologist say about this situation?
.
. Who is considered the father of utilitarianism?
2. Which of the following would be an expression of rule utilitarianism rather than act utilitarianism?
3. Why does Mill call utilitarianism a “more profoundly religious [doctrine] than any other”?
4. What does the utilitarian mean by the term “wrong actions”?
5. Suppose a society believes that throwing an innocent boy into a volcano will keep the volcano from erupting—and therefore save hundreds of lives. What variety of utilitarian thought does this action represent?
6. Utilitarianism claims that morally right actions, policies, or laws are those whose consequences have the greatest positive value and least negative value __________.
7. All of the following can make it difficult to calculate an action’s utility EXCEPT
8. What would not be a utilitarian argument on samesex couples being allowed to marry?
9. According to Mill, how can we determine the difference between higher and lower pleasures?
10. According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of
11. Among the following scenarios, which is MOST likely to be morally right according to utilitarianism
12. Utilitarianism and consequentialism more broadly are ethical theories that __________.
13. If someone were to question the value of scientific research on utilitarian grounds, which of the following would be the likeliest reason?
14. “Respect for persons” is the basis of a common objection to utilitarianism. The argument states that a utilitarian does not adequately respect the dignity and rights of the individual. Which of the following stories from this text BEST reflects that objection?
15. According to John Stuart Mill, what is the ultimate purpose of everything we do?
16. LeBron is writing a paper on how utilitarianism applies to animals. Which statement would be an example of the objectivity (scientific rationality) of utilitarianism?
17. Kathleen is a girls’ soccer coach who lies now and then to her young team in order to keep up their spirits and guarantee they have fun, even if they are not the best players in the league. Kathleen’s lying could be an example of utilitarian __________.
18. What is the BEST meaning of the term “the irreducible plurality of values”?
19. Which of the following statements is a common misconception about utilitarian philosophy?
20. Which of the following is the BEST example of an action that was morally wrong because the advantages to the majority were outweighed by the suffering of the minority?